The common structural features of different equipment are usually designed around these factors. Material selection typically prioritizes corrosion resistance, such as stainless steel, titanium alloys, and engineering plastics.
Most chemical media are corrosive, so structural design prioritizes avoiding direct contact between metal and corrosive media, often using linings to isolate the media from the equipment casing. In specific scenarios, coatings are added to block corrosion paths. Pressure-bearing structures emphasize high strength and rigidity, welded structures prioritize full penetration welding, and additional reinforcing rings are added to open piping areas to disperse stress peaks.
Sealing is upgraded to a multi-level structure combined with mechanical seals, and gaskets and inserts are selected according to HGT standards. Flange bolt assemblies have increased pre-tightening force in high-temperature and high-pressure areas to prevent gas leakage, and hazardous media pipelines are equipped with dual valves to control flow rates. High-temperature operation interferes with the metal's microstructure and thermal properties.
Insulation layers are often designed to insulate against heat, and sound-absorbing materials are used in the outer jacket to reduce heat dissipation noise. In molten salt environments, internal support rings are replaced with annular rib structures to avoid local expansion affecting container tightness. The heat transfer surface arrangement considers circulation efficiency, and the size of the baffles in the cross-flow jacket heat exchanger depends on the viscosity of the circulating medium.
Anchor-type reaction mechanisms are preferred for the reactor body, combined with a cantilever shaft structure to achieve deep material catalyst coverage. The support system is designed with dynamic load margins, and the thickness of the bearing metal of the lugs is designed to be adjusted according to the maximum filling coefficient of the equipment. Maintenance requirements guide the design with reserved maintenance ports, and a drain pipe is installed before disassembling the end cover of the high-level heat exchange equipment to prevent residual fluid splashing.
The layout of the pressure balance holes balances drainage efficiency and gas disturbance characteristics. A safety barrier system covers the linkage of multiple factors such as pressure, liquid level, and temperature. Under overpressure conditions, a dual-way safety valve is automatically activated for emergency opening and closing, and a siphon hood is equipped to disperse and release the kinetic energy of the medium.